Retranslated in full for the first time in more than three centuries, Du Citoyen (1642 then 1647) turns out to be much more than a step towards Leviathan. Initially conceived as the third and final section of the Elements of Philosophy, the work was ultimately written and printed before the other two. If the circumstances of the civil war are the occasion for this change of calendar, they above all allow Hobbes to perceive the autonomy of political philosophy. The vast conceptual laboratory that is the treatise On the Citizen presents all of the theorems. He not only founded a doctrine of absolute sovereignty, he also laid the foundations for a personification of the State and clearly formulated the conditions for the will of the people. Written in Latin, it is this treatise which provided the Hobbesian education of the European public, playing a leading role in the political and legal refoundation of the continent of which we are the heirs.