The "good", the "bad": these "values", which influence our thoughts, our judgments and our actions, seem obvious to us, even natural. Wrongly, Nietzsche tells us. These are in fact habits that have been instilled in us, since ancient times, by the most cruel punishments. Worse: far from being a mark of evolved humanity, they are the symptom of a civilization sick of its morals. In Nietzsche's eyes, the real culprit is the Christian religion which, for two millennia, has imposed a system of values essentially hostile to the first instincts of life. The "modern" man forged his moral consciousness in the conviction of having failed, instilling in him remorse and watchfulness. The doctor of civilization, the philosopher calls for his vows a reversal of this pathological form of morality – a reversal that will give life back to its nobility and to man his joy, strength, health.